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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on May 27, 2008.
Genetics, Vol. 179, 1033-1044, June 2008, Copyright © 2008
doi:10.1534/genetics.108.087866
Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism-Based Association Mapping of Dog Stereotypes
Paul Jones*,
Kevin Chase
,
Alan Martin*,
Pluis Davern
,
Elaine A. Ostrander
and
Karl G. Lark,1
* The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicsestershire LE14 4RT, United Kingdom, Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, Sundowners Kennels, Gilroy, California 95020 and National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
1 Corresponding author: Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 East, Room 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84102.
E-mail: lark{at}bioscience.utah.edu
Phenotypic stereotypes are traits, often polygenic, that have been stringently selected to conform to specific criteria. In dogs, Canis familiaris, stereotypes result from breed standards set for conformation, performance (behaviors), etc. As a consequence, phenotypic values measured on a few individuals are representative of the breed stereotype. We used DNA samples isolated from 148 dog breeds to associate SNP markers with breed stereotypes. Using size as a trait to test the method, we identified six significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) on five chromosomes that include candidate genes appropriate to regulation of size (e.g., IGF1, IGF2BP2 SMAD2, etc.). Analysis of other morphological stereotypes, also under extreme selection, identified many additional significant loci. Less well-documented data for behavioral stereotypes tentatively identified loci for herding, pointing, boldness, and trainability. Four significant loci were identified for longevity, a breed characteristic not under direct selection, but inversely correlated with breed size. The strengths and limitations of the approach are discussed as well as its potential to identify loci regulating the within-breed incidence of specific polygenic diseases.