- THIS ARTICLE
- Full Text (PDF)
- A corrigendum has been published
- Alert me when this article is cited
- Alert me if a correction is posted
- SERVICES
- Similar articles in this journal
- Similar articles in PubMed
- Alert me to new issues of the journal
- Download to citation manager
- Reprints & Permissions
- CITING ARTICLES
- Citing Articles via HighWire
- Citing Articles via Google Scholar
- GOOGLE SCHOLAR
- Articles by Lander, E. S.
- Articles by Botstein, D.
- Search for Related Content
- PUBMED
- PubMed Citation
- Articles by Lander, E. S.
- Articles by Botstein, D.
Genetics, Vol 121, 185-199, Copyright © 1989
INVESTIGATIONS |
Mapping Mendelian Factors Underlying Quantitative Traits Using RFLP Linkage Maps
E. S. Lander and D. Botstein
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
The advent of complete genetic linkage maps consisting of codominant DNA markers [typically restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)] has stimulated interest in the systematic genetic dissection of discrete Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits in experimental organisms. We describe here a set of analytical methods that modify and extend the classical theory for mapping such quantitative trait loci (QTLs). These include: (i) a method of identifying promising crosses for QTL mapping by exploiting a classical formula of SEWALL WRIGHT; (ii) a method (interval mapping) for exploiting the full power of RFLP linkage maps by adapting the approach of LOD score analysis used in human genetics, to obtain accurate estimates of the genetic location and phenotypic effect of QTLs; and (iii) a method (selective genotyping) that allows a substantial reduction in the number of progeny that need to be scored with the DNA markers. In addition to the exposition of the methods, explicit graphs are provided that allow experimental geneticists to estimate, in any particular case, the number of progeny required to map QTLs underlying a quantitative trait.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
H. Shao, L. C. Burrage, D. S. Sinasac, A. E. Hill, S. R. Ernest, W. O'Brien, H.-W. Courtland, K. J. Jepsen, A. Kirby, E. J. Kulbokas, et al. Genetic architecture of complex traits: Large phenotypic effects and pervasive epistasis PNAS, December 16, 2008; 105(50): 19910 - 19914. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Joehanes and J. C. Nelson QGene 4.0, an extensible Java QTL-analysis platform Bioinformatics, December 1, 2008; 24(23): 2788 - 2789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Xu Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Can Benefit From Segregation Distortion Genetics, December 1, 2008; 180(4): 2201 - 2208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Monteros, J. W. Burton, and H. R. Boerma Molecular Mapping and Confirmation of QTLs Associated with Oleic Acid Content in N00-3350 Soybean Crop Sci., November 24, 2008; 48(6): 2223 - 2234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Korstanje, J. Desai, G. Lazar, B. King, J. Rollins, M. Spurr, J. Joseph, S. Kadambi, Y. Li, A. Cherry, et al. Quantitative trait loci affecting phenotypic variation in the vacuolated lens mouse mutant, a multigenic mouse model of neural tube defects Physiol Genomics, November 12, 2008; 35(3): 296 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Gallardo, R. N. Pena, M. Amills, L. Varona, O. Ramirez, J. Reixach, I. Diaz, J. Tibau, J. Soler, J. M. Prat-Cuffi, et al. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride serum concentrations in pigs Physiol Genomics, November 12, 2008; 35(3): 199 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. Cervantes-Flores, G. C. Yencho, K. V. Pecota, B. Sosinski, and R. O.M. Mwanga Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci and Inheritance of Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Sweetpotato J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., November 1, 2008; 133(6): 844 - 851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Sinha, L. David, R. C. Pascon, S. Clauder-Munster, S. Krishnakumar, M. Nguyen, G. Shi, J. Dean, R. W. Davis, P. J. Oefner, et al. Sequential Elimination of Major-Effect Contributors Identifies Additional Quantitative Trait Loci Conditioning High-Temperature Growth in Yeast Genetics, November 1, 2008; 180(3): 1661 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. A. F. Garcia, S. Wang, A. E. Melchinger, and Z.-B. Zeng Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and The Genetic Basis of Heterosis in Maize and Rice Genetics, November 1, 2008; 180(3): 1707 - 1724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. E. Bauman, J. S. Sinsheimer, E. M. Sobel, and K. Lange Mixed Effects Models for Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping With Inbred Strains Genetics, November 1, 2008; 180(3): 1743 - 1761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. R. Frio, N. Civic, A. Ransijn, J. S. Beckmann, and C. Rivolta Two trans-acting eQTLs modulate the penetrance of PRPF31 mutations Hum. Mol. Genet., October 15, 2008; 17(20): 3154 - 3165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Zhang, H. Li, Z. Li, and J. Wang Interactions Between Markers Can Be Caused by the Dominance Effect of Quantitative Trait Loci Genetics, October 1, 2008; 180(2): 1177 - 1190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Fuse, N. Yokoi, M. Shinohara, T. Masuyama, R. Kitazawa, S. Kitazawa, and S. Seino Identification of a major locus for islet inflammation and fibrosis in the spontaneously diabetic Torii rat Physiol Genomics, September 17, 2008; 35(1): 96 - 105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Rintisch, J. Ameri, P. Olofsson, H. Luthman, and R. Holmdahl Positional cloning of the Igl genes controlling rheumatoid factor production and allergic bronchitis in rats PNAS, September 16, 2008; 105(37): 14005 - 14010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. Reynolds, M. Danciger, G. J. Farrar, P. Humphries, and P. F. Kenna Influence of a Quantitative Trait Locus on Mouse Chromosome 19 to the Light-Adapted Electroretinogram Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2008; 49(9): 4058 - 4063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Wen and W. Wu Experimental Designs and Statistical Methods for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Underlying Triploid Endosperm Traits without Maternal Genetic Variation J. Hered., September 1, 2008; 99(5): 546 - 551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. K. Funk, T. J. Maxwell, M. Izumi, D. Edwin, F. Kreisel, T. J. Ley, J. M. Cheverud, and T. A. Graubert Quantitative trait loci associated with susceptibility to therapy-related acute murine promyelocytic leukemia in hCG-PML/RARA transgenic mice Blood, August 15, 2008; 112(4): 1434 - 1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Good, M. D. Dean, and M. W. Nachman A Complex Genetic Basis to X-Linked Hybrid Male Sterility Between Two Species of House Mice Genetics, August 1, 2008; 179(4): 2213 - 2228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Banerjee, B. S. Yandell, and N. Yi Bayesian Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Multiple Traits Genetics, August 1, 2008; 179(4): 2275 - 2289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Radoev, H. C. Becker, and W. Ecke Genetic Analysis of Heterosis for Yield and Yield Components in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Genetics, July 1, 2008; 179(3): 1547 - 1558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Yi and S. Xu Bayesian LASSO for Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Genetics, June 1, 2008; 179(2): 1045 - 1055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C.-X. Ma, Q. Yu, A. Berg, D. Drost, E. Novaes, G. Fu, J. S. Yap, A. Tan, M. Kirst, Y. Cui, et al. A Statistical Model for Testing the Pleiotropic Control of Phenotypic Plasticity for a Count Trait Genetics, May 1, 2008; 179(1): 627 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. H. Yazdi, A. K. Sonesson, J. A. Woolliams, and T. H. E. Meuwissen Combined detection and introgression of quantitative trait loci underlying desirable traits J Anim Sci, May 1, 2008; 86(5): 1089 - 1095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Ansari-Mahyari, A. C. Sorensen, M. S. Lund, H. Thomsen, and P. Berg Across-Family Marker-Assisted Selection Using Selective Genotyping Strategies in Dairy Cattle Breeding Schemes J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2008; 91(4): 1628 - 1639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Simon, O. Loudet, S. Durand, A. Berard, D. Brunel, F.-X. Sennesal, M. Durand-Tardif, G. Pelletier, and C. Camilleri Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping in Five New Large Recombinant Inbred Line Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana Genotyped With Consensus Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers Genetics, April 1, 2008; 178(4): 2253 - 2264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. P. Kenney-Hunt, B. Wang, E. A. Norgard, G. Fawcett, D. Falk, L. S. Pletscher, J. P. Jarvis, C. Roseman, J. Wolf, and J. M. Cheverud Pleiotropic Patterns of Quantitative Trait Loci for 70 Murine Skeletal Traits Genetics, April 1, 2008; 178(4): 2275 - 2288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. N. Sampson and S. G. Self Identifying trait clusters by linkage profiles: application in genetical genomics Bioinformatics, April 1, 2008; 24(7): 958 - 964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Ronnegard, R. Pong-Wong, and O. Carlborg Defining the Assumptions Underlying Modeling of Epistatic QTL Using Variance Component Methods J. Hered., March 15, 2008; (2008) esn017v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Desai, P. W. Chee, O. L. May, and A. H. Paterson Correspondence of Trichome Mutations in Diploid and Tetraploid Cottons J. Hered., March 1, 2008; 99(2): 182 - 186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Yang, C. Hu, H. Hu, R. Yu, Z. Xia, X. Ye, and J. Zhu QTLNetwork: mapping and visualizing genetic architecture of complex traits in experimental populations Bioinformatics, March 1, 2008; 24(5): 721 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Yang, W. Wu, and J. Zhu Mapping Interspecific Genetic Architecture in a Host-Parasite Interaction System Genetics, March 1, 2008; 178(3): 1737 - 1743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. T. Lightfoot, M. J. Turner, D. Pomp, S. R. Kleeberger, and L. J. Leamy Quantitative trait loci for physical activity traits in mice Physiol Genomics, February 19, 2008; 32(3): 401 - 408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P.-H. Meng, A. Macquet, O. Loudet, A. Marion-Poll, and H. M. North Analysis of Natural Allelic Variation Controlling Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Germinability in Response to Cold and Dark: Identification of Three Major Quantitative Trait Loci Mol Plant, January 1, 2008; 1(1): 145 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Freeman, B. M. Potts, and R. E. Vaillancourt Few Mendelian Genes Underlie the Quantitative Response of a Forest Tree, Eucalyptus globulus, to a Natural Fungal Epidemic Genetics, January 1, 2008; 178(1): 563 - 571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Mejia, M. Gebauer, L. Munoz, N. Hewstone, C. Munoz, and P. Hinrichsen Identification of QTLs for Seedlessness, Berry Size, and Ripening Date in a Seedless x Seedless Table Grape Progeny Am. J. Enol. Vitic., December 1, 2007; 58(4): 499 - 507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Sillanpaa and F. Hoti Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci From a Single-Tail Sample of the Phenotype Distribution Including Survival Data Genetics, December 1, 2007; 177(4): 2361 - 2377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Kimura, A. Shimada, N. Sakai, H. Mitani, K. Naruse, H. Takeda, H. Inoko, G. Tamiya, and M. Shinya Genetic Analysis of Craniofacial Traits in the Medaka Genetics, December 1, 2007; 177(4): 2379 - 2388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. D. Ball Quantifying Evidence for Candidate Gene Polymorphisms: Bayesian Analysis Combining Sequence-Specific and Quantitative Trait Loci Colocation Information Genetics, December 1, 2007; 177(4): 2399 - 2416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Dole and D. F. Weber Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Recombination Using Recombinant Inbred Lines Genetics, December 1, 2007; 177(4): 2309 - 2319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. K. Haston, M. Begin, G. Dorion, and S. M. Cory Distinct Loci Influence Radiation-Induced Alveolitis from Fibrosing Alveolitis in the Mouse Cancer Res., November 15, 2007; 67(22): 10796 - 10803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. E. Melchinger, H. F. Utz, H.-P. Piepho, Z.-B. Zeng, and C. C. Schon The Role of Epistasis in the Manifestation of Heterosis: A Systems-Oriented Approach Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1815 - 1825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. E. Melchinger, H.-P. Piepho, H. F. Utz, J. Muminovic, T. Wegenast, O. Torjek, T. Altmann, and B. Kusterer Genetic Basis of Heterosis for Growth-Related Traits in Arabidopsis Investigated by Testcross Progenies of Near-Isogenic Lines Reveals a Significant Role of Epistasis Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1827 - 1837. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Manichaikul, A. A. Palmer, S. Sen, and K. W. Broman Significance Thresholds for Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Under Selective Genotyping Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1963 - 1966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. P. Boer, D. Wright, L. Feng, D. W. Podlich, L. Luo, M. Cooper, and F. A. van Eeuwijk A Mixed-Model Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis for Multiple-Environment Trial Data Using Environmental Covariables for QTL-by-Environment Interactions, With an Example in Maize Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1801 - 1813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Yang, H. Gao, X. Wang, J. Zhang, Z.-B. Zeng, and R. Wu A Semiparametric Approach for Composite Functional Mapping of Dynamic Quantitative Traits Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1859 - 1870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. J. Leach, Z. Zhang, C. Lu, M. J. Kearsey, and Z. Luo The Role of Cis-Regulatory Motifs and Genetical Control of Expression in the Divergence of Yeast Duplicate Genes Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2007; 24(11): 2556 - 2565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Chen and C. Kendziorski A Statistical Framework for Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Genetics, October 1, 2007; 177(2): 761 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Busst, K. J. Scurrah, J. A. Ellis, and S. B. Harrap Selective Genotyping Reveals Association Between the Epithelial Sodium Channel {gamma}-Subunit and Systolic Blood Pressure Hypertension, October 1, 2007; 50(4): 672 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Rong, F. A. Feltus, V. N. Waghmare, G. J. Pierce, P. W. Chee, X. Draye, Y. Saranga, R. J. Wright, T. A. Wilkins, O. L. May, et al. Meta-analysis of Polyploid Cotton QTL Shows Unequal Contributions of Subgenomes to a Complex Network of Genes and Gene Clusters Implicated in Lint Fiber Development Genetics, August 1, 2007; 176(4): 2577 - 2588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Korol, Z. Frenkel, L. Cohen, E. Lipkin, and M. Soller Fractioned DNA Pooling: A New Cost-Effective Strategy for Fine Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Genetics, August 1, 2007; 176(4): 2611 - 2623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Zhu, J. Huang, and Y.-M. Zhang Mapping Binary Trait Loci in the F2:3 Design J. Hered., July 21, 2007; (2007) esm041v2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Wu, J. Yang, and R. Wu Semiparametric functional mapping of quantitative trait loci governing long-term HIV dynamics Bioinformatics, July 1, 2007; 23(13): i569 - i576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Zhao, H. Li, W. Hou, and R. Wu Wavelet-Based Parametric Functional Mapping of Developmental Trajectories With High-Dimensional Data Genetics, July 1, 2007; 176(3): 1879 - 1892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Yi, D. Shriner, S. Banerjee, T. Mehta, D. Pomp, and B. S. Yandell An Efficient Bayesian Model Selection Approach for Interacting Quantitative Trait Loci Models With Many Effects Genetics, July 1, 2007; 176(3): 1865 - 1877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Zak, A. Baierl, M. Bogdan, and A. Futschik Locating Multiple Interacting Quantitative Trait Loci Using Rank-Based Model Selection Genetics, July 1, 2007; 176(3): 1845 - 1854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Barendse, A. Reverter, R. J. Bunch, B. E. Harrison, W. Barris, and M. B. Thomas A Validated Whole-Genome Association Study of Efficient Food Conversion in Cattle Genetics, July 1, 2007; 176(3): 1893 - 1905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kiryluk, J. Martino, and A. G. Gharavi Genetic Susceptibility, HIV Infection, and the Kidney Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2007; 2(Supplement_1): S25 - S35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Yang, J. Zhu, and R. W. Williams Mapping the genetic architecture of complex traits in experimental populations Bioinformatics, June 15, 2007; 23(12): 1527 - 1536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Bao, J. L. Peirce, M. Zhou, H. Li, D. Goldowitz, R. W. Williams, L. Lu, and Y. Cui An integrative genomics strategy for systematic characterization of genetic loci modulating phenotypes Hum. Mol. Genet., June 1, 2007; 16(11): 1381 - 1390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. H. Wallis, K. Wang, D. Dabrowski, L. Marandi, T. Ning, E. Hsieh, A. D. Paterson, J. P. Mordes, E. P. Blankenhorn, and P. Poussier A Novel Susceptibility Locus on Rat Chromosome 8 Affects Spontaneous but Not Experimentally Induced Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes, June 1, 2007; 56(6): 1731 - 1736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Wu, B. Zhang, Y. Cui, W. Zhao, L. Xu, M. Huang, Y. Zeng, J. Zhu, and R. Wu Genetic Mapping of Developmental Instability: Design, Model and Algorithm Genetics, June 1, 2007; 176(2): 1187 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
|


















